Aqueduct

The first aqueduct was built by Herod (37BC to 4BC), at the time the new city was founded and dedicated to the Roman Caesar, Augustus. It brought

the water from the southern side of Mount Carmel, at Shummi, about 10KM to the north east of the city. The water flowed on a single raised canal, and

in one section it is dug into the rock (at Jiser-e-zarka, an Arab village north of Caesarea).

Since even this was not sufficient,  a second  "lower" aqueduct was built by the Legions of the Emperor Hadrian (2nd C AD). It brought water from

Tanninim (Crocodiles) river, farther from Shummi. This section, with a tunnel of about 6KM long, was tapped into the older aqueduct, and doubled its

capacity.  This new source of water was added to the right of the first canal, and the aqueduct was thus doubled in width. The builders used the same

building materials and style, so it is hard to see that the pair of tunnels were built in different ages.

The aqueduct continued to supply water for 1200 years. During the ages it was repaired several times. In the marsh lands east of Jiser-E-Zarka a bypass

canal was built to overcome the damages.

Bus ride from Aqueduct to Mount Carmel